NC3Rs: National Centre for the Replacement Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research
Fellowship

In vitro methods for replacement of current in vivo assays for development of drugs against heterogeneous cancer stem cell populations

Head shot of Dr Adrian Biddle

At a glance

Completed
Award date
November 2012 - October 2015
Grant amount
£195,000
Principal investigator
Dr Adrian Biddle
Institute
Queen Mary University of London

R

  • Replacement
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View the grant profile on GtR

Contents

Application abstract

The development of resistance to therapeutic regimens is a major problem for cancer therapy, as it precludes complete ablation of the tumour and leaves highly malignant and drug resistant cells remaining at the tumour site. These then drive local and distant tumour recurrence, the main cause of cancer mortality. Recent evidence has demonstrated the important role that cancer stem cells play in this process, as they express heightened resistance to current therapies compared to the majority non-stem cell population. They thus survive and drive tumour recurrence.

In the course of my current project, I have identified two cancer stem cell populations in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). One has an epithelial phenotype and a CD44highESAhigh marker profile, and the other has a more mesenchymal phenotype and a CD44highESAlow marker profile. Cells are able to switch in both directions between these two phenotypes through the processes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). The epithelial phenotype exhibits much faster growth and the mesenchymal phenotype has greatly enhanced invasive capacity. Importantly, the results obtained in vitro were reproducible using an in vivo transplantation system, with the only difference being that the in vivo murine system is inferior in terms of the amount of useful information generated about the cell types under investigation.I also now have evidence to demonstrate that both the epithelial and mesenchymal cancer stem cell phenotypes exhibit therapeutic resistance, but differences in their responses to individual drugs suggests differing underlying mechanisms of therapeutic resistance.

Therefore, new methods of targeting both phenotypes are required in order to develop therapies that clear all malignant cells and thus prevent tumour recurrence. I aim to develop an in vitro cell line model that enables high-throughput testing of compounds for their ability to target both cancer stem cell thenotypes. I will also use this model to assess the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance. In addition to work using cell lines, I will develop in vitro assays on fresh tumour specimens to enable comparison with data gained using cell lines and thus provide evidence that cell lines are a relevant model for therapeutic development. 

Impacts

Publications

  1. O'Brien-Ball C and Biddle A (2017). Reprogramming to developmental plasticity in cancer stem cells. Developmental biology 430(2):266-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.07.025
  2. Biddle A et al. (2016) Phenotypic Plasticity Determines Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutic Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 4:138–145. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.007
  3. Gemenetzidis E et al. (2015). Invasive oral cancer stem cells display resistance to ionising radiation. Oncotarget 6(41):43964-77. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6268
  4. Shigeishi H et al. (2015). Elevation in 5-FU-induced apoptosis in head and neck cancer stem cells by a combination of CDHP and GSK3β inhibitors. J Oral Pathol Med 44:201– 207. doi: 10.1111/jop.12230
  5. Vig N et al. (2015). Phenotypic plasticity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the behaviour and therapeutic response of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 44(9):649-55. doi: 10.1111/jop.12306
  6. Biddle A et al. (2013) CD44 staining of cancer stem-like cells is influenced by down-regulation of CD44 variant isoforms and up-regulation of the standard CD44 isoform in the population of cells that have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 8(2):e57314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057314
  7. Gammon L et al. (2013) Sub-sets of cancer stem cells differ intrinsically in their patterns of oxygen metabolism.PLoS One 8(4):e62493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062493
  8. Shigeishi H et al. (2013) Maintenance of stem cell self-renewal in head and neck cancers requires actions of GSK3β influenced by CD44 and RHAMM. Stem cells 31(10):2073-83. doi: 10.1002/stem.1418